Techniques for Influencing Criminal Justice System Change

Problems and Issues Criminal justice system is a critical section of the American structure. Police departments of various states are experiencing a notable change. Police departments and its functions, chain of commands, and administrative strategies are becoming gradually more equal to that of other security agencies and institutions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Techniques for Influencing Criminal Justice System Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are certain problems and issues found in criminal justice sectors, which include corruption and brutality incidences that have harshly stained the people’s trust in the police. Due to this, law enforcement administrators are undergoing major challenges of reforming the police departments and criminal justice system in general. The criminal justice system is a big and an extensive section of the legislative and judicial limbs of the United States. Overcrowding is among the main issues experienced in the criminal courts currently. The competence of the court system worsens as the courts collapse, as well as the condition of the buildings has created the security complicated. Another problem is the issue of public access to the court proceedings since the media sections are requesting the courts to allow live coverage of court proceedings. They assert that the citizens have a right to follow the proceedings and that limited seating during trials should not be an issue since the media should televise the proceedings to the people in homes. However, opponents assert that the existence of media will alter the actions of the witnesses and court officers in approaches that have an impact on the fairness of the trial (Neubauer Fradella, 2010, p. 165). Currently, the racial issues among the inmates have greatly brought about extensive social problems that correctional agencies and employees are regularly being requested to a ttend to. Other problems and issues such as inadequate training, insufficient skills on advanced technology, obligatory overtime, overcrowding, gang actions, and violence inside the institutions are the main issues that cause work-related pressures and stress among the correctional workers. The current correctional settings affect both the correctional officers and inmates. Administrative Techniques to Improve Criminal Justice System Criminal justice system requires more improvements to enhance its operations and outcome. The system should permit for transformation, not just rehabilitation to the inmates. Another major strategy to improve criminal justice system is to give enough incentives to prosecutors to redirect people with mental disorders outside the jail section.Advertising Looking for essay on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They should bear in mind exceptional appeals, and deferred prosecution accords to the level that diversion finances and management is obtainable. The duties of a police officer should be redefined with the contribution from the society. The focus on police officers to gain compliance should be substituted with a focus on working jointly with the community to unravel criminal behaviors and issues. The employment requirement and recruitment procedures for criminal justice employees should be revised to go with the current roles. They should be trained on how to mediate disputes and address problems rather than focus on physical roles (Neubauer Fradella, 2010, p. 165). Training of criminal justice staff should be advanced in a way that it will include the community, and adult training skills should substitute boot camp techniques. Criminal justice sectors should raise the diversity of workers in an attempt to have more knowledge about the issues of minority sections in the society. The appropriate administrators should take direct and proper punitive activities ag ainst officers who misuse their authority or who cover-up for other colleagues’ severe misbehavior. Reference Neubauer, D., Fradella, H. (2010). America’s Courts and the Criminal Justice System. Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning. This essay on Techniques for Influencing Criminal Justice System Change was written and submitted by user Jair H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Stegosaurs - The Spiked, Plated Dinosaurs

Stegosaurs - The Spiked, Plated Dinosaurs As dinosaurs go, stegosaurs are relatively easy to describe: these quadrupedal, small-to-medium-sized, small-brained herbivores were characterized by the double rows of plates and spikes along their backs and the sharp spikes on the ends of their tails. By far the most famous stegosaur (and the one that has lent its name to this entire family) is, of course, Stegosaurus, but there are at least a dozen other closely related genera, most of which are no less important from a historical perspective. (See a gallery of stegosaur pictures and profiles and Why Did Stegosaurus Have Plates on its Back?) Evolutionarily speaking, stegosaurs are classified as ornithischian (bird-hipped) dinosaurs. Their closest relatives were the armored dinosaurs known as ankylosaurs, and they were more distantly related to other four-footed plant-eaters like hadrosaurs (aka duck-billed dinosaurs) and ornithopods. In a crucial way, though, stegosaurs were less successful than these other dinosaurs: they only flourished toward the end of the Jurassic period (about 160 to 150 million years ago), with only a handful of species managing to survive into the ensuing Cretaceous. Types of Stegosaurs Because they constituted such a small family of dinosaurs, its relatively easy to distinguish among the various types of stegosaurs. The earlier, smaller stegosaurs of the middle to late Jurassic period are known as huayangosaurids, typified by, you guessed it, Huayangosaurus and less well-known genera like the European Regnosaurus. The better-known stegosaurids were larger, with more elaborate spikes and plates, and are best represented by the classic body plan of Stegosaurus. As far as paleontologists can tell, the stegosaur family tree took root with the huayangosaurids of Asia, and grew larger and more ornate by the time Stegosaurus planted itself in North America. There are still some mysteries, though: for example, the tantalizingly named Gigantspinosaurus had two huge spikes protruding from its shoulders, making its exact classification within the stegosaur line (if it even belongs there) a matter of controversy. The last stegosaur to appear in the fossil record is the mid-Cretaceous Wuerhosaurus, though its possible that some as-yet-undiscovered genus may have survived to the brink of the K/T Extinction 65 million years ago. Why Did Stegosaurs Have Plates? The most enduring mystery about stegosaurs is why they possessed those characteristic double rows of plates and spikes along their backs, and how these plates and spikes were arranged. To date, no stegosaur fossil has been unearthed with the plates still attached to its skeleton, leading some paleontologists to conclude that these scutes (as theyre technically called) lay flat along the dinosaurs back, like the thick armor of ankylosaurs. However, most researchers still believe that these plates were arranged semi-vertically, as in popular reconstructions of Stegosaurus. This leads naturally to the question: did these plates have a biological function, or were they strictly ornamental? Because scutes pack a large surface area into a small volume, its possible that they helped to dissipate heat during the night and absorb it by day, and thus regulated their owners presumably cold-blooded metabolism. But its also possible that these plates evolved to deter predators, or to help differentiate males from females. The trouble with these latter two explanations is that a) its hard to see how an upright array of blunt plates could possibly have intimidated a hungry Allosaurus, and b) there has been very little evidence to date of sexual dimorphism among stegosaurs. The prevailing theory is a bit less exciting: the bulk of opinion today is that the plates and spikes of stegosaurs evolved as a way of differentiating individuals within the herd, along the same lines as the slightly varying black-and-white stripes of zebras (because they were well supplied with blood, these scutes may also have changed color with the seasons). No such controversy attaches to the sharp spikes at the end of most stegosaurs tails, which were doubtless used for defensive purposes (and are often called thagomizers in tribute to a famous Far Side cartoon by Gary Larson).

West Chester University Admissions Data

West Chester University Admissions Data West Chester University is a somewhat selective school, with an acceptance rate of less than 60 percent of those who apply. Learn more about their admissions requirements and what it takes to get into this college. About West Chester University Founded in 1871, West Chester University of Pennsylvania is a public, four-year university located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. With about 14,500 students, WCU is the fourth largest college in the Philadelphia region. It offers over 80 undergraduate and 70 master’s degree programs across its colleges of Education, Health Sciences, Arts and Sciences, Business and Public Affairs, and Visual and Performing Arts. Academics are supported by an 18 to 1 student/faculty ratio. On the student life front, WCU is home to a host of student clubs and organizations such as the Fencing Club, the Tai Chi Arts Club, and the Breakdancing Club, or Heavy Reign Crew. WCU also has 25 fraternities and sororities and intramural sports such as Wallyball, Wiffleball, and Squash. WCU is a member of the NCAA Division II Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference (PSAC) with 24 mens and womens varsity teams. Will you get in if you apply? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) West Chester University Acceptance Rate: 64 percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for WCU AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 480 / 570SAT Math: 490 / 580SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 21 / 25ACT English: 20 / 25ACT Math: 20Â  / 25What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 17,005 (14,397 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41 percent Male / 59 percent Female89 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $9,720 (in-state); $20,812 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,860Other Expenses: $2,520Total Cost: $26,300 (in-state); $37,392 (out-of-state) West Chester University of Pennsylvania Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 80Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 38 percentLoans: 72Â  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $6,064Loans: $8,450 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Business Management, Elementary Education, English, Health and Physical Education, History, Liberal Studies, Marketing, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 86Â  percentTransfer-out Rate: 21 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 46Â  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 70Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Football, Swimming, Tennis, Baseball, Basketball, Soccer, Golf, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports: Gymnastics, Soccer, Lacrosse, Tennis, Volleyball, Basketball, Field Hockey, Softball, Swimming Interested in West Chester University? You May Like These Universities Temple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPennsylvania State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLock Haven University: ProfileUniversity of Delaware: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Pittsburgh: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArcadia University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRowan University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbright College: ProfileIndiana University of Pennsylvania: ProfileWidener University: ProfileKutztown University of Pennsylvania: Profile West Chester University of Pennsylvania Mission Statement mission statement from wcupa.edu/president/ West Chester University, a member of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, is a public, regional, comprehensive institution committed to providing access and offering high-quality undergraduate education, select post-baccalaureate and graduate programs, and a variety of educational and cultural resources for its students, alumni, and citizens of southeastern Pennsylvania. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Developing an international marketing plan for an organisation Assignment

Developing an international marketing plan for an organisation - Assignment Example In order to create new customer segments for the newly launched products, the marketers tend to practice extensive marketing strategies and activities. Concerning the industry structure, it can be stated that the medical equipment and pharmaceutical sector is dominated by few major marketers including J&J that has been long serving the customers. Threats of substitutes as well as new entrants are also observed to be low in this industry owing to high degree of regulatory interventions, capital intensiveness and greater dependency on customer as well as stakeholders’ trust (Giudice, & Bolduc, 2006). The Company J&J can be regarded as one of the renowned brands in the global medical equipment and pharmaceutical industry. The company was founded in the year 1886 and is well known for its enduring performances of delivering quality based medical devices and diagnostic products to the global consumers (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). The organization also seeks to embrace adequate research and development initiatives through the integration of innovative ideas which ensures the empowerment of health as well as wellbeing of its wide range of global consumers. The products offered by J&J principally involve maternity kits, childcare products, fast-aid equipments and surgical apparatuses among others (Johnson & Johnson, 2012). Therefore, diversifying by extending its product line through serving a nutrition drink for mothers can contribute towards the brand recognition of the company along with increasing its market share in the Australian medical equipment and pharmaceutical industry. ... The company was founded in the year 1886 and is well known for its enduring performances of delivering quality based medical devices and diagnostic products to the global consumers (Johnson & Johnson, 2013). The organization also seeks to embrace adequate research and development initiatives through the integration of innovative ideas which ensures the empowerment of health as well as wellbeing of its wide range of global consumers. The products offered by J&J principally involve maternity kits, childcare products, fast-aid equipments and surgical apparatuses among others (Johnson & Johnson, 2012). Therefore, diversifying by extending its product line through serving a nutrition drink for mothers can contribute towards the brand recognition of the company along with increasing its market share in the Australian medical equipment and pharmaceutical industry. 2. Situation Analysis 2.1. Business Environment The present business environment in the medical equipment and pharmaceutical ind ustry depicts fierce competition among the handful of dominant marketers in Australia, concerning their wide range of products and/or services as well as market share. In order to successfully launch the health supplementary drinks for mothers in the Australian market, understanding the political and legal factors of the respective market is one of the major decisions as these factors are apparently observed to impose strong influences on the operations of marketers such as J&J (University of Wollongong, n.d.). The following discussion tends to reveal the political and legal conditions of Australia in terms of launching a nutritional drink as a new product by J&J. Political Factors The

Supermarket Company Strategic Analysis Assignment

Supermarket Company Strategic Analysis - Assignment Example The report below provides an insight into the supermarket company, Tesco, with emphasis on its external environment analysis and company's analysis of resources, competence and culture. Two future strategic options are suggested in regards to the resources based strategies. Tesco is one of the largest food retailers in the world, operating around 2,318 stores and employing over 326,000 people. It provides online services through its subsidiary, Tesco.com. The UK is the company's largest market, where it operates under four banners of Extra, Superstore, Metro and Express. The company sells almost 40,000 food products, including clothing and other non-food lines. The company's own-label products (50 percent of sales) are at three levels, value, normal and finest. As well as convenience produce, many stores have gas stations, becoming one of Britain's largest independent petrol retailers. Other retailing services offered include Tesco Personal Finance. Operating in a globalised environment with stores around the globe, Tesco's performance is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries, including the European Union (EU). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Finch, 2005). Also to meet the demand from population segments such as students, working parents and senior citizens. Tesco understands that retailing has a great impact on jobs and people factors (new store developments are often seen as destroying other jobs in the retail sector as traditional stores go out of business or are forced to cut costs to compete), being an essentially local and labour-intensive sector. Tesco employs large numbers of; student, disabled and elderly workers, often paying them lower rates. In an industry with a typically high staff turnover, these workers offer a higher level of loyalty and therefore represent desirable candidates. Economical Factors Economic factors are of concern to Tesco, because they are likely to influence demand, costs, prices and profits. One of the most influential factors on the economy is high unemployment levels, which decreases the effective demand for many goods, adversely affecting the demand required to produce such goods. These economic factors are largely outside the control of the company, but their effects on performance and the marketing mix can be profound. Although international business is still growing (Appendix A), and is expected to contribute greater amounts to Tesco's profits over the next few years, the company is still highly dependent on the UK market. Hence, Tesco would be badly affected by any setback in the UK food market and are out in the open to market concentration risks. Social/Cultural Factors Current trends indicate that British customers have moved towards 'one-stop' and 'bulk' shopping, which is due to a variety of changes in social trends. Tesco have, therefore, increased the amount of non-food items available for sale. Demographic changes such as the aging population, an increase in female workers and a decline in home meal preparation mean that UK retailers are also focusing on

Moral Force Protesting :: essays research papers

Moral Force Protesting Moral force protest has a greater chance to succeed that physical force protest. Discuss in relation to our contemporary world. In the modern world today, there is an immense diversity of global issues which are constantly being dealt with. Moral force protest as well as physical force protest are used, in hope of achieving a purpose and proving a point. For both of these acts of protest, there must be a substantial amount of facts and evidences backing it up. Both protests, no matter how it's done, are in some way seeking for the support of the ‘leaders', most of the time, the ‘leaders' being the government. Moral force protest involves logical convincing speeches which are fighting for a cause within the boundaries of law. It's possible to legally get enough support for a cause and eventually win by never once using any sort of violence. In some cases, hunger strikes by the ‘victims' are also done. Aside from well constructed speeches and hunger strikes, the refusal to obey certain laws and the passive resistance, that is, resisting to incoming violence usually from the government, are other ways to morally protest without any physical violence. Sometimes due to the refusal to abide to certain laws the supporters may find abusive, the moral force protest supporters might find themselves confronting the law, and perhaps even acting illegally. In recent years, certain countries which hadn't previously given women the right to vote changed their decision by receiving strong moral force protest; this right was gained, and nowadays in those countries women possess the right to vote. Physical force wasn't in any way used in this case. The opposing way to support some strong cause can be through physical force protests. This involves violent protests which may harm people purposely. Destructive attitude from the people supporting a cause by using physical force is indeed very common. In most cases violence is used in hope of getting attention and media publicity. Physical force protest, has a very distinctive difference from moral force protest; one of the most important ones being that, by violence, these supporters are terrorising the general public, and trying to get the government to recognise their terrorism, and give in. Moral force protest is not even remotely linked with terrorism. Not in any way, do the supporters practising moral force protest adapt to terrorism like do these physical force supporters. By terrorising the general public and the government itself, these supporters think they'll create such an intolerable situation that the government will give in to their extreme and sometimes unnecessary violence.

How Media Influences Antisocial Behavior Essay

In this new generation research Indicates that many young people today spend a lot of time In front of the TV or on computer games and thus leading to the Implication that media Influences antl-soclal behaviour. Psychologists have researched Into explanations on media’s influence on antisocial behaviour, one of these explanations being the social learning theory (SLT). This advocates that we model our behaviour on behaviour that we observe; whether it’s antisocial or pro-social behaviour. Children can be expected to imitate behaviour illustrated through the media that is successful in gaining the model’s objectives. Further supporting this explanation, evidence from ‘natural experiments’ are used as authentication to the link that media Influences not lust antisocial behaviour but violent behaviour as well. One Psychologist, Phillips (1983) reinforced this theory by analysing crime statistics for the 10-day period following the publication of heavyweight boxing contests shown throughout the nation. The research exhibited a significant rise in the number of murders during that said period, thus highlighting how media influences antisocial behaviour. Through further interpretation on the social learning theory this explanation could e questioned, Despite all the psychologists experiments on the theory there Is no real evidence to support it. For instance, in 1993 two boys murdered James Bulger and were said to be inspired by the video ‘Child’s Play, however later it was conducted by Cumberbatch (2001) that no known link was ever found. It should also be taken into consideration that if two young influential boys were able to play such a violent and Impressionable game what type of parental figures they had on a dally basis and attachments they had with their primary care giver. It can be advocated hat the children had other outside affects that caused they to commit such a crime and that media was not the only reason and thus concluding that the media isn’t the only cause for antisocial behaviour. Furthermore, another explanation for media’s influence of antisocial behaviour is Justification. This vindication implies that violent behaviours may provide a Justification for a child’s own violent behaviour, or perhaps even go as far as providing moral guidelines regarding what Is acceptable and unacceptable. It Is suggested that children who act more aggressively watch violent elevision programmes In order to relieve their guilt and Justify their own aggression and thus advocating that the media allows them to channel that emotions and making their actions acceptable in their own mind. On further evaluation it should be prominent that programmes have mixed prc-social and antisocial messages. For example, the 198ffs television series ‘The A Team’ portrayed the typical heroic figures as behaving violently and so signifying that the negative effects of such programmes support the concept of Justification as Illustrated by Liss and Reinhardt (1979). Concluding that the use of aggression by pro-social characters provides an impression of moral justiflcation to their antisocial and violent behaviour, with which children already identify. Moreover, an alternative insinuation of explaining media’s influence on antisocial behaviour is Cognitive Priming. This refers to the activation of already existing aggressive thoughts and feelings. It highlights why children observe one variety of aggression on television and commit another type of aggression after. imprinting the shown behaviour and recall the memories in a later stimulation in the resent. The magnitude of cognitive priming was established by Josephson (1987). The psychologist looked into this by using hockey players as participants who were deliberately frustrated and then shown a violent or non-violent film where an actor held a walkie-talkie. This resulted in throughout the hockey game the player who had seen the violent clip behaved more aggressive in comparison to those whom where shown the non-violent clip. Josephson advocated that the walkie-talkie held by the referee acted as a trigger for aggression within the hockey player. And so through his it is demonstrated how media can influence behaviours by acting as a catalyst to existing aggressive thoughts. Additionally, another explanation for media’s influence on antisocial behaviour is desensitation. This contention underlines that under normal conditions, anxiety about violence inhibits its use. It suggested how media violence may stimulate aggressive behaviour by desensitising children to the effects of violence. This therefore results in the child being more accepting for aggressive and antisocial behaviours. However this is contradicted by Comberbatch (2001) who rgues that people might get ‘used’ to screen violence but that this does not necessarily mean a person will also get accustomed to violent or antisocial behaviours in their everyday life in the real world. It is claimed that screen violence is more likely to make children frightened’ then frightening thus contradicting the indication that the media desensitises the public to violent and antisocial behaviour. Overall, these explanations conduct valid explanations into how media influences antisocial behaviour. We are able to determine that media does in fact affect the way in which a person behaviour but to what extent is questionable.